The McGraw-Hill Companies
Europe | Change Register | Log In
MY HOME PAGE
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE
ABOUT S&P
     

Ratings

  Print this page

Presale: Diversified Strategies CFO S.A.

Publication Date:    Apr 04, 2002 21:34 Europe/London

Presale: Diversified Strategies CFO S.A.
Primary Credit Analysts:
Juan Carlos Martorell, London (44) 20-7176-3880
Sandra Johnson-Harris, New York (1) 212-438-2481
Christopher Howley, New York (1) 212-438-2490
Publication date: 04-Apr-02, 16:34:03 EST
Reprinted from RatingsDirect



US$365 million asset-backed floating-rate notes

This presale report is based on information as of April 4, 2002. The ratings shown are preliminary. This report does not constitute a recommendation to buy, hold, or sell securities. Subsequent information may result in the assignment of final ratings that differ from the preliminary ratings.

Preliminary ratings as of April 4, 2002
Class Preliminary rating* Preliminary amount (Mil. $) Recommended credit support (%)
A AAA 250.0 50.0
B A 65.0 37.0
C BBB 50.0 27.0
D N.R. 135.0 N/A
N.R.—Not rated. N/A—Not Applicable. *The rating of each class of securities is preliminary and subject to change at any time.


Profile

Expected closing date: April 30, 2002.

Collateral: The portfolio will consist of shares in the master fund, cash, money market securities, and an interest rate protection instrument for hedging purposes only.

Lead manager: Credit Suisse First Boston International ('AA/A-1+').

Master fund: Diversified Strategies Fund II Ltd.

Investment and collateral manager: Investcorp Management Services Ltd.

Master fund administrator and valuation agent: International Fund Services (Ireland) Ltd.

Interest rate cap provider: Credit Suisse First Boston International or another similarly rated counterparty.

Trustee: JPMorgan Chase Bank, London branch ('AA-/A-1+').

Agent bank: JPMorgan Chase Bank.


Rationale

The preliminary ratings assigned to Diversified Strategies CFO S.A.'s US$365 million asset-backed floating-rate notes reflect the credit enhancement provided by the subordinated classes; the cash flow structure (which is subject to various stresses by Standard & Poor's); and the transaction's interest-rate hedge. Based on the initial investment guidelines, Standard & Poor's calculated the following advance rates: (62%) for the class A notes; (75%) for the class B notes, and (85%) for the class C notes.

Final ratings are expected to be assigned on the closing date subject to a satisfactory review of the transaction documents and legal opinions.


Strengths, Concerns, and Mitigating Factors


Strengths

The strengths of the transaction observed in the rating analysis are:

  • The overcollateralization provided by the structure. Subordination below the class A, B, and C notes are 50%, 37%, and 27%, respectively. In addition the positive performance of the fund of hedge funds portfolio will provide additional subordination for classes A, B, and C. The class D notes will pay a maximum annual contingent coupon of 5% of the net asset value (NAV), and only after the performance of the portfolio has appreciated such that the NAV of the portfolio is more than 150% of the outstanding principal balance of the rated notes;
  • The satisfactory review of the fund of hedge funds manager, Investcorp Management Services Ltd. (IMSL), along with a selected number of the underlying hedge fund managers;
  • The master fund, Diversified Strategies Fund II Ltd., (DSF II) will invest with a diverse group of portfolio managers. The master fund will seek to provide investors with access to the varied skills and expertise of these managers, while at the same time attempting to reduce the risks and volatility of the portfolio;
  • The interest rate cap provides a hedge for the issuer against rising interest rates on the class A, B, and C notes should the six-month US$ LIBOR be greater than the cap strike in any of the semiannual interest periods;
  • There are additional structural features that protect against deterioration of the portfolio. Should the NAV of the portfolio fall below the aggregate principal amount of the rated notes plus accrued interest, an event of default will result and the collateral manager will liquidate the entire portfolio and use the liquidation proceeds to make payment on the notes. In addition, if any of the overcollateralization tests are breached, the investment manager will deliver redemption notices to liquidate the underlying investments, in order to ensure compliance during the cure period of three months. Failure to remedy during the cure period will lead to an event of default, and the collateral manager will liquidate the entire portfolio; and
  • The experience and strong operational capabilities of the investment manager in managing a diversified fund of hedge funds, including its comprehensive manager-selection processes, risk-management infrastructure, and extensive operational procedures.

Concerns

The concerns of the transaction are:

  • A potential shortfall in liquid assets available to meet Diversified Strategies CFO's expenses, coupon payments, and principal payments as they become due; and
  • The advance rates, which have been calculated based on the existing investment guidelines, may be breached during the life of the transaction by the investment manager.

Mitigating Factors

The factors that mitigate these concerns are:

  • The portfolio will be subject to strict redemption guidelines which will be managed by the investment manager to anticipate expected expenses, coupons, and principal payments. To the extent that the cash reserve account is not sufficiently funded, the collateral manager will fund such payments by redeeming the master fund shares;
  • The master fund portfolio will be subject to liquidity constraints as well as a minimum managed account requirement; and
  • Advance rates may be adjusted downward to reflect certain deviations from the initial investment guidelines and the overcollateralization levels may be adjusted accordingly.

Transaction Structure

The structure of the transaction is shown in the following chart.

image

Diversified Strategies CFO, the issuer of the notes, is a societe anonyme incorporated in Luxembourg. It will issue US$250 million class A notes, US$65 million class B notes, US$50 million class C notes; and US$135 million class D notes. At closing, the issuer will use the proceeds of the notes to purchase redeemable shares in the master fund and an interest rate cap for hedging purposes only.

The master fund will use the proceeds from the sale of such redeemable preference shares to invest indirectly in hedge fund shares and a minimum level of managed accounts, together the investment vehicles. Each investment in the vehicles is made through a special-purpose vehicle (SPV), and each SPV invests in one and only one investment vehicle. IMSL will act as investment manager to the master fund and to each SPV.

The master fund is a fund of hedge funds managed by IMSL. Its objective is to track the performance of Diversified Strategies Fund (DSF), an existing fund of hedge funds currently managed by IMSL. Since inception (October 1996), DSF has generated an annualized return of 9.7%, with an annualized volatility of 4.2% (through year-end 2001).

The master fund will focus on relative value strategies such as equity-market neutral, convertible arbitrage, merger arbitrage, fixed-income arbitrage and distressed. As of December 2001, DSF allocated 68.1% of its total assets to relative value strategies. The balance of the master fund will be allocated to directional strategies such as long/short equity, macro discretionary, and systematic. As of December 2001, DSF allocated 27.6% of its total assets to directional strategies.

IMSL, through its proprietary funds and third-party client funds, will co-invest with the master fund in each SPV. To accommodate the investment by the master fund in the SPVs, a new class of SPV shares will be created. This new class of shares will have preferential liquidity terms in certain defined circumstances including the curing of the overcollateralization test.


Portfolio and Investment Guidelines

The portfolio will be subject to maximum allocations for relative value and directional strategies, as well as maximum allocations by sub strategies. In addition to the hedge fund strategy diversification there will be requirements relating to transparency, liquidity profile, managed accounts, maximum concentrations, minimum number of managers, and minimum number of investments.

The master fund will implement the investment strategy subject to the investment guidelines. The master fund will purchase and redeem certain interests in the investment vehicles. Master fund shares, together with the money market securities (if any), and the cash balance (if any) will, in aggregate, comprise the assets attributable to Diversified Strategies CFO.

The master fund will not invest in any dedicated emerging market strategies and is subject to the investment guidelines shown in tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 Diversification by Strategy Category
Strategy category Max. allocation of NAV (%)* Current DSF allocation (year-end 2001) (%)
Relative value 80.0 68.1
Directional 40.0 27.6
NAV—Net asset value. *If the portfolio NAV is greater than the initial NAV, the excess amount will not be subject to these minimum constraints.

Table 2 Diversification by Investment Strategies
Investment strategy Max. allocation of NAV (%)* Current DSF Allocation (year-end 2001) (%)
Distressed 12.0 2.1
Risk arbitrage 30.0 14.5
Convertible arbitrage 30.0 19.7
Equity market neutral 30.0 16.9
Fixed income relative value 20.0 10.9
Hedge equity (U.S.) 20.0 9.6
Hedge equity (global) 20.0 9.8
Macro discretionary 15.0 2.8
Macro systematic 15.0 3.9
Portfolio insurance 15.0 5.5
Multistrategy 15.0 10.9
NAV—Net asset value. *If the portfolio NAV is greater than the initial NAV, the excess amount will not be subject to these minimum constraints.

Table 3 Diversification by Investment Vehicles
  Limit Current DSF allocation (year-end 2001)
No. of investment vehicles (min.) 25 68
No. of managers (min.) 20 58
Single investment vehicle concentration (max.)(%) 9.0 4.3
Single manager concentration (max.)(%) 12.0 4.4
No. of investment vehicles with an allocation of more than 6% of the NAV (max.) 8 0
10 largest investments as a % of the NAV of the portfolio (max.) 50.0 31.6
Max. % of any underlying manager's assets under management 10.0 In compliance

Table 4 Managed Accounts and Transparency Profile
  Min. allocation of NAV (%) Current DSF allocation (year-end 2001) (%)
Managed accounts 20.0 37.0
Transparency 40.0 76.7
NAV—Net asset value.

Compliance with the investment guidelines will be reviewed at the end of each month and, in addition, immediately prior to each subscription or redemption by the master fund in respect of its investments in the investment vehicles. (See tables 3 and 4.)

Breach of the diversification by investment strategies and failure to cure within the cure period may lead to lower advance rates (depending on the risk of the underlying strategies) for the purpose of performing the overcollateralization test.


Liquidity Requirements

Liquidity requirements of the issuer arise from:

  • Periodic coupon payments due on the notes and ongoing expenses of Diversified Strategies CFO;
  • Principal repayments at maturity; and
  • Satisfaction of the overcollateralization test.

To manage the cash requirements due on each coupon payment date, the investment manager will be notified of the amount due on the following coupon payment date by the trustee six months in advance. The investment manager will deliver redemption notices prior to the next coupon payment date based on the cash amount and on the existing liquidity profile of the portfolio (see table 5). For example if three months prior to the next coupon payment, the two-month bucket is not sufficient to fund the next coupon payment, the collateral manager may rebalance the portfolio or start delivering redemption notices of the three-months bucket to cover the expected shortfall.

Table 5 Liquidity Profile
Target liquidity Master fund proportion (%)* Current DSF allocation (year-end 2001) (%)
Two months 5.0 59.0
Three months 60.0 65.6
Six months 80.0 92.9
Twelve months 90.0 97.3
*If the portfolio net asset value is greater than the initial NAV, the excess amount will not be subject to these minimum constraints.

For example three-months liquidity means that the investment manager will receive the proceeds of such liquidation three months after the request to liquidate the underlying investment of the investment vehicle.

To mitigate the risk of a high LIBOR environment, the issuer will enter into an interest rate cap with Credit Suisse First Boston International or another similarly rated counterparty. Under the cap agreement, the issuer will receive an amount equal to the excess of six-month LIBOR for the related interest period over a predetermined strike rate on the notional amount of the cap. The notional amount of the cap agreement initially is US$365 million.

To mitigate the liquidity risk of the underlying hedge fund shares, the investment manager will maintain a minimum investment in managed accounts at all times. If five business days prior to the payment date, the cash amount in the bank account is insufficient to cover the amount due on the payment date, then the investment manager will immediately draw down the managed accounts to cover the cash shortfall, in a manner that will ensure receipt of sufficient proceeds prior to the coupon payment date.

The minimum liquidity requirement in the form of managed accounts will be equal to the amount of the next coupon plus margin plus fees, minus amounts to be received from the cap provider minus any amount in the cash account or eligible liquidity securities that mature before the next payment date.

The valuation agent will receive a monthly valuation of the assets in the managed accounts from the individual hedge fund administrator or manager. The underlying assets of the managed accounts eligible for the liquidity requirement will be invested in the following strategies:

  • Convertible arbitrage,
  • Equity market neutral,
  • Equity long/short, and
  • Risk arbitrage.

This minimum liquidity requirement must be maintained until the transaction matures.


Liquidity Breach

Liquidity breaches may occur in relation to the managed accounts or because of a decline in the value of the managed accounts below the liquidity requirement.

If at any time, there is a breach of the liquidity requirement, based on the monthly valuations of the managed accounts, the investment manager must immediately liquidate sufficient underlying investments in the managed accounts and convert them into cash or eligible liquidity securities that mature before the next coupon payment in order to comply with the liquidity requirement.


Restoration of Managed Accounts Liquidated to Meet Shortfall

Any amount of the managed accounts drawn to meet the payment due on the coupon date will be restored by redeeming other funds, immediately after the coupon was paid. The collateral manager will deliver redemption notices to the three most liquid funds managed by three different managers, each by an amount equal to the shortfall to the liquidity requirement.


Failure to Comply With the Liquidity Profile

If at any time the portfolio does not comply with the liquidity profile in table 5, the investment manager will have three-months to cure the two- to three-months bucket, and six months to cure the six- to 12-months bucket. Failure to remedy this breach will constitute an event of default.


Redemption of the Notes

Classes A, B, and C will be finally redeemed on the interest payment date of April 30, 2007, at their outstanding principal amount. Redemption will be sequential.


Optional Redemption for Taxation Reasons

Should the issuer be obliged to make any withholding or deduction from payments in respect of the notes by reason of Luxembourg taxation charges, the notes may be redeemed.


Redemption Related to a Breach Of The Overcollateralization Test

If the Trustee determines that any of the overcollateralization tests are breached, then a de-leverage event will occur and the investment manager will redeem the master fund shares and will have the option to either increase the assets allocated to the money market portfolio by the same amount as the redeemed master fund shares, or require Diversified Strategies CFO to redeem a portion of the class A, B, and C notes sequentially.


Redemption Due to a Termination of IMSL as Investment Manager

If IMSL ceases to be the investment manager of the master fund, or a notice that is effective for its resignation or termination of appointment as investment manager is given, then all class A, B, and C notes will be redeemed at their outstanding principal amount, six months after the earliest of the date on which IMSL ceases to be the investment manager or such notice of resignation or termination of appointment is given. The trustee will direct the liquidation of any money market securities and master fund shares. In this situation,but only in the event that IMSL is unable to act due to its insolvency, International Fund Services (Ireland) Ltd. (IFSL) will have the power to liquidate the assets of the master fund.


The Investment Manager

IMSL, a Cayman Islands corporation, is the investment manager of the funds under the program and is an affiliate of Investcorp Bank E.C. (Investcorp). The investment manager, through an agreement with Investcorp effective as of Nov. 1, 1990, has employed Investcorp officers to act as its funds management team responsible for the selection and monitoring of portfolio managers and negotiating underlying terms applicable to investment funds and managed accounts for the program. Investcorp has offices in Bahrain, London, and New York, and has approximately $2.7 billion in assets under management and over 260 employees. IMSL has performed due diligence on over 600 different portfolio managers. Portfolio managers are visited regularly, at least twice per year.

Investcorp's investment management business is supported by a team of 21 full-time professionals. Each hedge fund strategy is monitored by two members of the team to ensure an in-depth coverage of the strategy and its environment and outlook. Asset allocation with respect to strategies and managers are thoroughly discussed by the team and must be agreed upon by the program's two head portfolio managers and then approved by the chief financial officer. All the positions of the existing programs are marked-to-market monthly by an independent third party, IFSL. Internally, Investcorp has a quality assurance team whose function is to reconcile the positions and confirm that the managers are in compliance with the guidelines of the managed accounts. In addition, the quality assurance team conducts an independent valuation of the positions and accounts and compares their own valuations with that from the prime brokers and managers.


Rating Approach

Standard & Poor's rating approach employs the market value CDO advance-rate technology. Relevant risk factors affecting the return volatility of the aggregate NAV of the underlying funds include portfolio concentration by number of managers and strategies, taking into account the cross correlation among managers and strategies. The model determines the probability of there being sufficient asset value in the portfolio available to pay each rated obligation at the end of the determined exposure period.

The exposure period represents the longest window of exposure that assets in the transaction have to market volatility, incorporating the interval of time between portfolio valuations and time allocated to cure when the portfolio is out of compliance.


Independent Portfolio Valuation

IFSL, the valuation agent to the master fund, will calculate the master fund NAV at the end of each month. The estimated NAV of DSF II will be determined 12 calendar days after the last business day of each month, and the final NAV of DSF II will be determined 75 calendar days after the last business day of each month. The NAV of DSF II, together with the NAV of the money market portfolio, and the NAV of the cash reserve account, constitute the NAV of Diversified Strategies CFO. These NAVs will be calculated by the trustee, in the case of NAV of the master fund, using values provided by the valuation agent, and in the case of the NAV of the money market portfolio and the cash reserve account, using values provided by the trustee. The estimated NAV of the fund will be used to perform the overcollateralization tests. However, if there is a difference of more than 0.50% between the estimated and the final DSF II NAV, then the valuation agent will deliver a report explaining such difference.


Surveillance Details

Continual surveillance will be maintained on the transaction until the notes mature or are otherwise retired. As a result, servicer reports detailing the performance of the underlying collateral will be analyzed, supporting ratings will be monitored, and contact will be maintained with the servicer to ensure that minimum servicing standards are being sustained and that any material changes in the servicer's operations are communicated and assessed.